Stage 4 consists of the post-treatment in order to extract the targeted CRMs from the bioleachate used in step 3. It experiments the use of 5 novel and eco-friendly approaches (applied separately or in combination) to ensure a high selectivity of the CRMs recovered (95%), achieving high performance and improved efficiency:
- Adsorption by reusable polymeric microcapsules for REE & Pt recovery
- Biosorption by microalgae for REE, Mg and PGM recovery
- Biosorption by bacterial cells for REE and PGM recovery
- Fungal-based biorecovery for Mg
- Biosorption by proteins for Mg and Pt recovery
